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The Hypothetical Reconstruction of Alcine Evolutionary History.

Species abbreviations:

FA: Fratercula arctica, Atlantic puffin

FC: Fratercula corniculata, horned puffin

FI: Fratercula cirrhata, tufted puffin

PA: Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin’s auklet

CP: Cyclorrhynchus psittacula, parakeet auklet

AC: Aethia cristatella, crested auklet

AY: Aethia pygmaea, whiskered auklet

AP: Aethia pusilla, least auklet

UA: Uria aalge, common murre

UL: Uria lomvia, thick-billed murre

AT: Alca torda, razorbill

AA: Alle alle, dovekie

SA: Synthliboramphus antiquus, ancient murrelet

SW: Synthliboramphus wumizusume, Japanese murrelet

SH: Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, Xantus’s murrelet

BM: Brachyramphus marmoratus, marbled murrelet

BB: Brachyramphus brevirostris, Kittlitz’s murrelet

CG: Cepphus grylle, black guillemot

CC: Cepphus columba, pigeon guillemot