Design and implementation of a seabird monitoring database for the North Pacific.


Seabird monitoring is the accumulation of time series data on any aspect of seabird distribution, abundance, demography, or behavior. Typical studies include annual or less frequent measures of numbers or productivity; less commonly, the focus is on marine habitat use, breeding chronology, food habits, survival (as in mark-resighting studies), or mortality (as in beached bird surveys). The key requirement is that observations are replicated over time and are made with sufficient precision and accuracy to permit the meaningful analysis of variability and trends. Along the Pacific coast of North America, seabird monitoring has consumed substantial amounts of public funding since the early 1970s. The effort stems from various legislative and executive mandates and has been largely uncoordinated among the many entities involved, including state, provincial, and federal agencies, some private organizations, university faculty, and students. While national and international investment in seabird monitoring is increasing, a recent survey of seabird monitoring effort conducted by the Pacific Seabird Group revealed that a vast amount of information already exists on the population parameters of Pacific seabirds. New efforts are coming on line, particularly on the Asian side of the North Pacific, and additional data are accumulating steadily. Lack of ready access to this information, by resource managers and researchers alike, is a continuing problem. Much of the information is never published in the open literature, or publication lags far behind the gathering of data. A comprehensive data management and distribution system is required to put this information in the hands of those who need it in a timely manner. This project will: (1) develop a management system for seabird monitoring data that is flexible, efficient, and comprehensive; (2) apply the system retrospectively by identifying and incorporating sources of existing seabird monitoring data from th... the temperate and sub-tropical North Pacific; (3) incorporate new data in a timely manner and distribute updated versions of the database to potential users; and (4) encourage wide participation in the system to achieve (a) a coordinated monitoring program for Pacific seabirds, (b) greater standardization of field methods, and (c) effective use of seabirds as indicators of large-scale change in the Pacific marine environment.